This landmark agreement, the result of over a decade of international collaboration, represents a transformative step toward safeguarding marine ecosystems and addressing the urgent threats posed by climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss.
One significant development in marine conservation is the possibility for nations to establish large-scale marine protected areas (MPAs) on the high seas – a critical measure to meet the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework’s target of protecting 30% of the ocean by 2030. The treaty also foresees environmental impact assessments for economic activities in international waters, ensuring sustainable practices and minimising harm to fragile marine ecosystems.
Crucially, the agreement prioritises equity and inclusion, with dedicated support for developing countries. Developing countries will receive support to implement the agreement, through strong capacity-building initiatives and marine technology transfer programs. This assistance will be funded through a variety of public and private sources. An innovative benefit-sharing mechanism will also ensure fair access to marine genetic resources.
The European Union and its Member States have played a central role in advancing this agreement, leading the BBNJ High Ambition Coalition—a coalition of over 40 nations committed to bold, science-based ocean protection. This alliance, driven by high-level political commitment, has been instrumental in negotiating the treaty and accelerating the ratification process.
Next steps
The agreement will officially come into effect 120 days after the 60th ratification. It will apply to all parties which have already ratified the agreement.
The EU is already working on a fast implementation, including supporting developing nations in building readiness for the treaty’s requirements. As part of this effort, the EU has launched a €40 million commitment through its Global Ocean Programme and is urging members of the High Ambition Coalition to contribute similarly, ensuring equitable and effective global participation in safeguarding marine ecosystems.
Source: European Commission
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